DPIIT’s Industrial Entrepreneurs Memoranda (I(D&R) Act 1951): Part A (intent filed) vs Part B (implemented), broken down by state and by sector, plus the pending-demand backlog matched against industrial land supply.
Where India’s Factories Actually Get Built — IEM State & Sector Analysis
1,869,333Rs cr implemented, top 15 states, 2021–Dec 2025
1267Part A filings, 39 sectors (period sample)
36states in pending-demand match
What Part A/B actually measure: Implemented industrial projects under the I(D&R) Act 1951 -- manufacturing, not services (Karnataka's software economy is invisible here by design).; Only filings above the eligibility threshold (Rs 50cr plant & machinery, raised to Rs 125cr from Apr 2025) -- large projects only.; Capital source is NOT recorded: a Tata plant and a Daikin plant file identically. Domestic + foreign combined.; The 1951 taxonomy has no Electronics category -- electronics investment appears under Electricals Equipment / Comm-Office Equipment / Telecommunications.
1. State-wise implementation (Part B, Rs cr, 2021–Dec 2025)
| # | State | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 (to Dec) | 5-yr total | Share % | A→B conv. % (by value) | FDI FY26 $M | Read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gujarat | 104,968 | 39,259 | 61,407 | 208,025 | 246,595 | 660,254 | 33.8 | 177.8 | 5,713.3 | Both engines at scale -- and implementing 178% of same-period intent (the pre-2021 pipeline landing). Rs 4.55 lakh cr in 2024-2025 alone. |
| 2 | Odisha | 89,167 | 37,266 | 25,138 | 80,875 | 104,041 | 336,487 | 17.2 | 60.1 | 84.0 | THE domestic-capital state, quantified: #2 in implementation with 0.14% of national FDI. Tata Steel/Jindal steel capex is here -- invisible to FDI data, enormous in IEM data. |
| 3 | Maharashtra | 45,855 | 35,675 | 52,201 | 42,949 | 61,308 | 237,988 | 12.2 | 34.9 | 18,418.5 | #3 implementation AND #1 FDI ($18.4bn, 31.3%) -- the most FDI-weighted major manufacturing state (foreign OEM auto belt), though conversion of its huge stated intent is just 35%. |
| 4 | Andhra Pradesh | 10,350 | 45,217 | 10,536 | 23,662 | 50,680 | 140,445 | 7.2 | 85.4 | 608.6 | Domestic-led manufacturing with selective genuine FDI (Sri City: Daikin, LG); 85% conversion and a Rs 50,680cr 2025 -- accelerating. |
| 5 | Uttar Pradesh | 11,333 | 8,896 | 13,720 | 28,115 | 11,890 | 73,954 | 3.8 | — | — | Noida electronics/appliance cluster; 2024 spike Rs 28,115cr. |
| 6 | Rajasthan | 7,571 | 17,403 | 8,868 | 16,880 | 20,651 | 71,373 | 3.7 | 68.2 | — | Steady riser; cement/metals belt. |
| 7 | Madhya Pradesh | 14,500 | 7,153 | 12,801 | 18,674 | 11,700 | 64,828 | 3.3 | 68.3 | — | Consistent mid-tier implementer. |
| 8 | Punjab | 5,627 | 4,466 | 32,182 | 7,144 | 7,874 | 57,293 | 2.9 | 355.7 | — | The 356% conversion is a small-base artifact (2023's Rs 32,182cr spike vs tiny same-period intent) -- old filings landing, not a boom in new intent. |
| 9 | Tamil Nadu | 13,684 | 9,268 | 6,746 | 7,763 | 7,166 | 44,627 | 2.3 | 49.3 | 4,724.0 | Surprisingly modest in IEM terms for the 'Detroit of Asia' -- its auto cluster largely predates this 5-year window; FDI ($4.7bn) outweighs new large-project IEM implementation. |
| 10 | Chhattisgarh | 16,492 | 2,766 | 1,310 | 18,235 | 4,747 | 43,550 | 2.2 | 35.7 | — | Steel/metals lumpy years. |
| 11 | Karnataka | 6,327 | 8,042 | 6,368 | 7,272 | 14,454 | 42,463 | 2.2 | 21.3 | 12,938.7 | THE inversion: 2.2% of national implementation but 22% of national FDI ($12.9bn). Its FDI is services/software (invisible to IEM by design); its manufacturing implementation is modest and its conversion (21%) the weakest of the majors. |
| 12 | Haryana | 3,562 | 2,891 | 6,652 | 5,358 | 7,369 | 25,832 | 1.3 | 43.5 | — | Gurgaon-belt auto/components. |
| 13 | Telangana | 6,739 | 3,915 | 3,464 | 6,158 | 4,858 | 25,134 | 1.3 | 28.1 | 2,252.9 | Modest implementation so far -- but 2025 Part A intent spiked to Rs 60,991cr (life-sciences push), so watch the B column from 2026. |
| 14 | Assam | 452 | 633 | 18,778 | 1,528 | 1,229 | 22,620 | 1.2 | 83.4 | 2.4 | The 2023 Rs 18,778cr registers in IEM well before the Tata Electronics Assam OSAT plant's Feb–Mar 2024 approval, so it is unlikely to be that specific project — more likely earlier-stage electronics capex in the same broader investment wave — while FDI shows $2.37M. The clearest single-state proof that IEM captures what FDI data structurally cannot. |
| 15 | West Bengal | 1,967 | 3,735 | 4,930 | 6,011 | 5,842 | 22,485 | 1.2 | — | 229.0 | Steady small-scale implementation despite the 2025 incentive revocation. |
All-India Part B 2021-2025: Rs 19,51,828cr across 4,859 implemented IEMs. The top 3 states (Gujarat, Odisha, Maharashtra) account for 63.3% of all implemented industrial investment.
2. Sector-wise: intent filed vs implemented (Part A vs Part B)
Part A = investment intent FILED (count). Part B investment value is IMPLEMENTED (DPIIT does not publish Part A investment value by sector -- only counts). Rs cr/project = Part B investment / Part B count (a proxy project size). Buckets: 437 filings in land/pollution-intensive (EC-relevant) sectors vs 830 in light sectors — average project size Rs 389.1cr (heavy) vs Rs 222.3cr (light).
Top implementation sectors (Part B, 5-yr Rs cr)
| # | Sector | 5-yr Rs cr | Share % | 2025 alone | Read |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Metallurgical Industries | 469,693 | 24.1 | 209,301 | The implementation engine of Indian industry -- Rs 2.09 lakh cr in 2025 alone (the largest single-year sector figure in the series). This is the Odisha/Gujarat/Chhattisgarh steel-and-metals capex, overwhelmingly domestic-funded (the same sector whose FDI proxy is amber and whose PLI has disbursed 0.8%). |
| 2 | Chemicals (except fertilizers) | 286,230 | 14.7 | 81,169 | The quiet giant: #2 implementation sector WITH NO PLI SCHEME. Private chemical capex is landing at Rs 50-80,000cr/yr regardless — strengthening the case that the proposed chemicals PLI would be pushing an already-moving door (and sharpening the question of why the chapter's imports still grew roughly 86% over the same multi-year window: the capex may be import-substituting slowly, or demand is simply outrunning it). |
| 3 | Electricals Equipment | 189,548 | 9.7 | 34,904 | Where electronics/white-goods manufacturing lands in the 1951 taxonomy -- steady Rs 19-69,000cr/yr. |
| 4 | Glass | 131,208 | 6.7 | 3,062 | ANOMALY FLAG: Rs 1,22,497cr of the 5-yr total sits in a single year (2024) against Rs 1-3,000cr in every other year -- either one mega-project (solar glass?) or a data quirk. Not treated as a trend. |
| 5 | Food Processing | 102,893 | 5.3 | 12,073 | Consistent riser (Rs 7,236cr in 2021 to Rs 36,888cr in 2024) -- matches Food Processing PLI being one of the few schemes paying out at scale. |
| 6 | Cement & Gypsum | 101,094 | 5.2 | 11,642 | Steady infrastructure-linked capex. |
| 7 | Fuels | 88,451 | 4.5 | 70,117 | ANOMALY FLAG: Rs 70,117cr of the total is one year (2025) -- likely a single refinery/energy mega-filing. |
| 8 | Misc. Industries | 82,669 | 4.2 | 18,460 | Catch-all bucket; 2024 spike Rs 46,464cr. |
| 9 | Transportation Industry | 81,764 | 4.2 | 19,138 | The auto/EV capex channel -- Rs 19,138cr in 2025, rising. |
| 10 | Textiles | 58,318 | 3.0 | 23,854 | 2025 riser (Rs 23,854cr vs Rs 5-10,000cr/yr prior) -- large textile projects finally implementing even as the PLI's own disbursal sits at 0.5%. |
| 11 | Fermentation Industries | 43,977 | 2.3 | 24,237 | 2025 riser -- ethanol/biofuel capacity wave. |
| 12 | Drugs & Pharmaceuticals | 40,109 | 2.1 | 18,077 | 2025 riser (Rs 18,077cr vs Rs 3,599cr in 2021 -- a 5x climb) that lines up with the sector's FDI doubling and its A-grade PLI: pharma is the sector where every measure now points the same way. |
All 39 sectors — Part A filed vs Part B implemented (period sample)
| Industry | Part A filed | Part B impl. | Conv. % (by count) | Part B Rs cr | Rs cr/project | EC-relevant | Share of filed % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Others | 142 | 63 | 44.0 | 4,738 | 75.2 | No | 11.2 |
| Food processing industry | 141 | 120 | 85.0 | 31,017 | 258.5 | No | 11.1 |
| Fermentation industries | 119 | 39 | 33.0 | 5,058 | 129.7 | Yes | 9.4 |
| Electricals equipment | 108 | 75 | 69.0 | 26,528 | 353.7 | No | 8.5 |
| Metallurgical industries | 102 | 69 | 68.0 | 13,204 | 191.4 | Yes | 8.1 |
| Chemicals (other than fertilizers) | 91 | 112 | 123.0 | 68,421 | 610.9 | Yes | 7.2 |
| Miscellaneous mechanical & engineering industries | 80 | 58 | 72.0 | 4,543 | 78.3 | No | 6.3 |
| Textiles | 76 | 59 | 78.0 | 10,024 | 169.9 | No | 6.0 |
| Miscellaneous industries | 75 | 50 | 67.0 | 9,488 | 189.8 | No | 5.9 |
| Transportation Industry | 62 | 51 | 82.0 | 16,082 | 315.3 | No | 4.9 |
| Drugs and pharmaceuticals | 37 | 38 | 103.0 | 8,165 | 214.9 | Yes | 2.9 |
| Industrial machinery | 30 | 9 | 30.0 | 944 | 104.9 | No | 2.4 |
| Cement & gypsum products | 26 | 39 | 150.0 | 17,220 | 441.5 | Yes | 2.1 |
| Commercial, office and household equipment | 21 | 21 | 100.0 | 3,670 | 174.8 | No | 1.7 |
| Ceramics | 17 | 19 | 112.0 | 2,229 | 117.3 | No | 1.3 |
| Paper and pulp including paper products | 16 | 23 | 144.0 | 2,571 | 111.8 | Yes | 1.3 |
| Sugar | 16 | 33 | 206.0 | 4,654 | 141.0 | Yes | 1.3 |
| Fertilizers | 12 | 7 | 58.0 | 6,247 | 892.4 | Yes | 0.9 |
| Fuels | 12 | 6 | 50.0 | 18,224 | 3,037.3 | Yes | 0.9 |
| Industrial instruments | 11 | 4 | 36.0 | 38 | 9.5 | No | 0.9 |
| Vegetable oil & Vanaspati | 10 | 10 | 100.0 | 738 | 73.8 | No | 0.8 |
| Rubber goods | 9 | 12 | 133.0 | 4,104 | 342.0 | No | 0.7 |
| Medical and surgical appliances | 8 | 1 | 12.0 | 54 | 54.0 | No | 0.6 |
| Prime Movers other than electrical generators | 7 | 17 | 243.0 | 1,960 | 115.3 | No | 0.6 |
| Timber products | 6 | 4 | 67.0 | 1,001 | 250.2 | No | 0.5 |
| Telecommunications | 5 | 4 | 80.0 | 1,218 | 304.5 | No | 0.4 |
| Boilers steam generating plants | 4 | 3 | 75.0 | 16 | 5.3 | No | 0.3 |
| Leather, leather goods and pickers | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | — | Yes | 0.3 |
| Scientific instruments | 4 | 1 | 25.0 | 263 | 263.0 | No | 0.3 |
| Glue and gelatine | 3 | 2 | 67.0 | 290 | 145.0 | No | 0.2 |
| Mathematical, surveying and drawing instruments | 3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | — | No | 0.2 |
| Soaps, cosmetics and toilet preparations | 3 | 3 | 100.0 | 322 | 107.3 | No | 0.2 |
| Dye-stuffs | 2 | 4 | 200.0 | 212 | 53.0 | Yes | 0.2 |
| Glass | 2 | 6 | 300.0 | 2,859 | 476.5 | No | 0.2 |
| Machine tools | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | 0 | — | No | 0.2 |
| Earth-moving machinery | 1 | 3 | 300.0 | 9,428 | 3,142.7 | No | 0.1 |
| Agricultural machinery | 0 | 2 | — | 1,395 | 697.5 | No | 0.0 |
| Defence industries | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | No | 0.0 |
| Photographic raw film and paper | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | No | 0.0 |
3. Pending demand — filed intent not yet implemented, matched to land
Definition: Pending = cumulative Part A (intent filed) minus Part B (implemented) = investment intentions not yet built = latent demand for industrial land Window: 2020-2025 (window-matched, excl defective 2019).
| State | Filed A (n) | Impl. B (n) | Pending (n) | Filed A Rs cr | Impl. B Rs cr | Pending Rs cr | Conv. % (by count) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | 1415 | 994 | 421 | 726,292 | 271,703 | 454,589 | 70.2 |
| Karnataka | 510 | 279 | 231 | 361,856 | 49,028 | 312,828 | 54.7 |
| Odisha | 286 | 177 | 109 | 597,874 | 365,441 | 232,433 | 61.9 |
| Telangana | 249 | 194 | 55 | 96,692 | 31,191 | 65,501 | 77.9 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 431 | 433 | -2 | 127,720 | 70,103 | 57,617 | 100.5 |
| Tamil Nadu | 450 | 268 | 182 | 97,274 | 45,811 | 51,463 | 59.6 |
| West Bengal | 165 | 136 | 29 | 69,610 | 23,302 | 46,308 | 82.4 |
| Rajasthan | 258 | 201 | 57 | 117,366 | 77,290 | 40,076 | 77.9 |
| Delhi | 127 | 23 | 104 | 36,941 | 5,521 | 31,420 | 18.1 |
| Haryana | 259 | 161 | 98 | 61,570 | 30,747 | 30,823 | 62.2 |
| Chhattisgarh | 336 | 217 | 119 | 144,221 | 117,117 | 27,104 | 64.6 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 446 | 415 | 31 | 113,040 | 88,131 | 24,909 | 93.0 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 275 | 293 | -18 | 174,194 | 150,285 | 23,909 | 106.5 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 80 | 41 | 39 | 14,669 | 2,876 | 11,793 | 51.2 |
| Bihar | 49 | 41 | 8 | 15,154 | 5,493 | 9,661 | 83.7 |
| Assam | 60 | 67 | -7 | 27,213 | 23,609 | 3,604 | 111.7 |
| Puducherry | 17 | 8 | 9 | 2,558 | 129 | 2,429 | 47.1 |
| Goa | 25 | 17 | 8 | 3,828 | 1,528 | 2,300 | 68.0 |
| Kerala | 29 | 15 | 14 | 2,683 | 447 | 2,236 | 51.7 |
| Tripura | 3 | 1 | 2 | 175 | 29 | 146 | 33.3 |
| Mizoram | 2 | 1 | 1 | 226 | 93 | 133 | 50.0 |
| Nagaland | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0.0 |
| Chandigarh | 4 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 7 | 10 | 50.0 |
| Manipur | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0.0 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 5 | 7 | -2 | 226 | 219 | 7 | 140.0 |
| Andaman and Nicobar | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Lakshadweep | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Sikkim | 4 | 3 | 1 | 40 | 96 | -56 | 75.0 |
| Meghalaya | 8 | 11 | -3 | 886 | 1,899 | -1,013 | 137.5 |
| Daman and Diu | 28 | 20 | 8 | 945 | 4,429 | -3,484 | 71.4 |
| Uttarakhand | 121 | 130 | -9 | 10,736 | 15,390 | -4,654 | 107.4 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 43 | 46 | -3 | 1,787 | 6,967 | -5,180 | 107.0 |
| Jharkhand | 50 | 75 | -25 | 7,712 | 22,700 | -14,988 | 150.0 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 63 | 78 | -15 | 4,882 | 20,605 | -15,723 | 123.8 |
| Punjab | 166 | 175 | -9 | 17,587 | 58,491 | -40,904 | 105.4 |
| Gujarat | 1093 | 1178 | -85 | 417,504 | 695,120 | -277,616 | 107.8 |
Caveat: Part A/B are period flows; A-B over the window approximates the unconverted backlog but is not a clean stock (some Part B implements pre-2020 filings). Negative pending = a state implementing more than it filed in-window (pre-window pipeline landing).
Caveats & data limits
- A-to-B conversion is a same-period flow ratio, not cohort-matched -- Part B in any year comes from Part A filings of earlier years (Punjab's 356% and Gujarat's 178% are pipeline effects, not same-year magic).
- DPIIT publishes state-wise and sector-wise Part B as separate marginals -- NO state-x-sector cross-tab exists, so 'which sector leads in which state' cannot be answered from this data and is inferred only where external evidence exists (e.g. Odisha=metals).
- Appendix V is headed 'Up to Dec 2025' while Appendix VI says 'Up to Nov 2025' -- yet both grand-total to the identical Rs 5,83,096cr; flagged as an internal labeling inconsistency in DPIIT's own document.
- 2025 is a partial year and IEM partial-year figures revise heavily (2024's Part B grew Rs ~2 lakh cr between consecutive Annual Reports).
- IEM excludes services, projects below the threshold, and industries still under compulsory licensing.
Source: DPIIT Annual Report 2025-26 (Appendices III, V, VI), DPIIT IEM Statistics Report (Sep 2024), cross-checked against FDI equity inflow data and IILB industrial-land inventory. Built 22 Jul 2026 (data), published 2 Aug 2026. Research synthesis — not investment or policy advice.
Related on this blog: Announced vs. Delivered: Five Indian State Industrial Policies, Checked Against the Numbers · India's State Incentive War: Gujarat's Execution Edge, Karnataka's FDI Inversion, and Why Nobody Can Tell You Who Actually Got Paid · India's State-by-State Investment Directory: 66 Confirmed Deals, Sector by Sector — the state-policy delivery check, the Gujarat/Karnataka incentive-war piece, and the state investment directory this IEM analysis complements.
About this article: Researched, written and edited by Umashankar Triplicane Dwarakanathan, with AI research assistance; every figure is meant to trace to the primary source cited. See the Editorial Policy for how sourcing, AI use and corrections work.
